Maximum stopping power - maximum strength pepper spray formula is backed by our in-house high performance liquid chromatography laboratory which guarantees maximum stopping power, every single time, eliminating the 30% failure rate experienced with other pepper spray brands (University of Utah study), plus UV marking dye aids in suspect identification. #1 pepper spray brand trusted by police and consumers worldwide - including New York, Chicago PD, Los Angeles County Sheriff's and U.S. Marshals, made in the U.S.A and ISO 9001:2008 certified with a 4 years shelf life from the date of manufacture.