Build An 8-Bit Computer Kit Project (Part 2) - Registers and Arithmetic Logic Units (ALU)
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Build An 8-Bit Computer Kit Project (Part 2) - Registers and Arithmetic Logic Units (ALU), Build An 8-Bit Computer Kit Project by Ben Eater - Registers and Arithmetic Logic Units (ALU) (Kit 2 of 4) Registers: Most CPUs have several registers which store small amounts of data the CPU is processing. In our simple breadboard CPU, we'll build three 8-bit registers: A, B, and IR. The A and B registers are general-purpose registers. IR (the instruction register) works similarly, but we'll only use it for storing the current instruction that is being executed. Register build videos below. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) part of a CPU is usually capable of performing various arithmetic, bitwise and comparison operations on binary numbers. In our simple breadboard CPU, the ALU is only able to add and subtract. It is connected to the A and B registers, and it outputs either the sum of A+B or the difference of A-B. ALU build videos below. Theory Before diving into building the ALU, check out these two videos (below). The first shows how we can use hardware to add numbers in binary. The second video explains how negative numbers work. Between the two videos, you'll know how to add negative numbers which means you'll know how to subtract! Kit Includes:Part No.Qty.Description 15111610Capacitor Ceramic Disc 0.1AmicroF 25V A 20% 2153705122 AWG 6-Color Solid Tinned-Copper Hook-Up Wire 25 Foot 22340715LED Blue Diffused 5mm T-1 3/4 470nm 350mcd 22837674830 Point Solderless Plug-in Breadboard with 4 Power Rails 21-26AWG ABS 33397330LED Red Diffused 5mm (T-1 3/4) 643nm 75mcd 36VA 469226IC 74LS173 4-BIT D-TYPE REGISTER 3-STATE OUTPUT 472124IC 74LS245 Tri-State Octal Bus Transceiver 474232IC 74LS283 4-BIT BINARY FULL ADD FAST CARRY 480982IC 74LS86 QUAD 2-INPUT EXCLUSIVE OR GATE 69070040Carbon Film Resistor 220 Ohm 1/4 Watt 5% 69754910LED Yellow Diffused 5mm (T-1 3/4) 588nm 29mcd 50VA Resources & Downloads Registers: 74LS173 4-bit D register datasheet (.pdf) ALU: 74LS86 Quad XOR gate datasheet (.pdf) 74LS245 Octal bus transceiver datasheet (.pdf) 74LS283 4-bit adder datasheet (.pdf) Flags Register: 74LS02 Quad NOR gate datasheet (.pdf) 74LS08 Quad AND gate datasheet (.pdf) About the author, Ben Eater Register Videos 8-bit Register (part 1) - Bus Architecture and How Register Transfers Work 8-bit Register (part 2) - Tri-State Logic: Connecting Multiple Outputs Together 8-bit Register (part 3) - Designing and Building a 1-bit Register 8-bit Register (part 4) - Building and 8-bit Register 8-bit Register (part 5) - Testing Our Computer's Registers ALU Introduction Videos Learn How Computers Add Numbers and Build a 4-bit Adder Circuit Twos Complement: Negative Numbers in Binary Arithmetic Logic Unit Design & Construction Videos ALU Design Building the ALU Troubleshooting the ALU Testing the Computer's ALU